Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of all voltages around a closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero. This law is essential for analyzing complex electrical circuits.

KVL Formula

The formula for KVL is:


∑V = 0

Where ∑V is the sum of all voltages in the loop.

Understanding KVL

KVL is based on the principle of conservation of energy. It means that the total energy gained by charges in a loop must equal the total energy lost.

Example Calculation

Consider a loop with three resistors and a voltage source:


V1 - V2 - V3 = 0

If V1 = 12V, V2 = 4V, and V3 = 8V, then:


12V - 4V - 8V = 0

Applications of KVL

KVL is used in:

  • Analyzing complex circuits
  • Designing electrical systems
  • Troubleshooting circuit problems

Practice Problems

  1. In a loop with V1 = 10V, V2 = 3V, and V3 = 7V, verify KVL.
  2. Calculate the missing voltage in a loop with V1 = 15V, V2 = 5V, and V3 = ?.

 

 

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